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Style marker
The Notorious B.I.G.

Biggie's signature swagger comes partly from the way he uses cross-rhythms. These "grouping dissonances" make his rhymes fall in unpredictable places.

These examples are one subtype of his syncopation strategy: when he puts two rhymes in one bar, he often places the first rhyme on beat 2, and the second rhyme on the "and" of beat 4.

He did it a lot more often on his first album than on his second. I don't know any prior rappers who used this flow.

Where am I?

SongPatterns.com is an encyclopedia of

  • the musicological devices that contribute to the distinctive sounds of various artists, genres, and time periods
    Style marker
    Taylor Swift

    Taylor Swift often ends vocal phrases by singing 3̂, dropping to 7̂, then rising to 1̂.

  • the elements that songwriters draw from preexisting songs
    Transcript of a line from Duran Duran's 1982 song Hungry Like the Wolf.
    Transcript of a line from Michael Jackson's 1991 song Black Or White.

Why?

  • to enrich your listening
  • to empower your writing
  • to promote awareness of the nature, prevalence, and legitimacy of musical borrowing
[...] the production and perception of music—like language—relies on knowledge that is not easily articulated and, to some extent, unconscious. Anyone who can speak and understand English has some kind of knowledge of the rules of English grammar, but few such people are able to state exactly what those rules are. Similarly, [...] creators and listeners of rock music have knowledge about the norms and regularities of rock, but largely at an unconscious level. In large part, my goal [...] is to articulate this tacit knowledge, to uncover the mental processes and representations involved in musical creation and perception.

— David Temperley, The Musical Language of Rock

What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun.

— Ecclesiastes 1:9